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| GEOLOGIC TIME TABLE THE LAST 4600 MILLION YEARS | ||||
| Millions of years ago |
ERA | PERIOD | EVENTS | |
| 4600 | Precambrian | Precambrian | The formation of the Earth's crust and the subsequent evolution of life | |
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| 4550 + | Precambrian era lasts from 4600 million years ago to 570 million years ago, a span of over four billion years. A straight-line time- axis showing this would extend about 400 lines here | |||
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| 600 + | ||||
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| | | Palaeozoic | Cambrian | Marine animals with mineralized shells appear: trilobites, echinoderms, brachio-pods, molluscs, primitive graptolites; a variety of worms | |
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| 550 + | ||||
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| 500 + | Ordovician | Graptolites dominant; also trilobites, brachiopods, bryozoans, gastropods, bivalves, echinoids, crinoids, cephalopods, and corals | ||
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| 450 + | ||||
| | | Silurian | Barchiopods, crinoids, corals, corals; primitive fish | ||
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| 400 + | Devonian (395) | Corals, brachiopods, ammonoids, crinoids; fishes and early land plants | ||
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| 350 + | Carboniferous (345) | Foraminiferans, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, blastoids; seed ferns, lycopsids, and other plants; amphibians become more common | ||
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| 300 + | ||||
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| | | Permian | Trilobites extinct; Amphibians and reptiles dominant land animals; gymnosperms dominant plants Molluscs dominant | ||
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| 250 + | ||||
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| | | Mesozoic | Triassic | invertebrates; reptiles dominant: turtles, dinosaurs, ichthyosaurs | |
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| 200 + | ||||
| | | Jurassic | Ferns, cycads, ginkgos, rushes, conifers; ammonites and other invertebrates; pterosaurs, Archaeopteryx appears | ||
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| 150 + | ||||
| | | Cretaceous (136) | Angiosperm plants; Mesozoic reptiles peak | ||
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| 100 + | ||||
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| | | Cenozoic | Tertiary (65) | Mass extinction: dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and ammonites extinct; rise of modern animals; shrubs, grasses, and other flowering plants | |
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| 50 + | . | |||
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| PRESENT + | Quaternary (1.8) | |||